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	<title>Leo Baeck Institute</title>
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	<link>http://www.lbi.org</link>
	<description>German-Jewish History</description>
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		<title>Seder Hagadah Shel Pesah, Amsterdam, 1711</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/04/seder-haggadah-shel-pesach-amsterdam/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/04/seder-haggadah-shel-pesach-amsterdam/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Apr 2012 18:32:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4897</guid>
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		<title>Offenbacher Haggadah</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/04/offenbacher-haggadah/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/04/offenbacher-haggadah/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2012 19:50:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4874</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Offenbach Haggadah was commissioned by Dr. Siegfried Guggenheim (1873-1961) an attorney and avid collector of rare books in Offenbach, near Frankfurt. The type designer Rudolf Koch created new fonts and the painter Fritz Kredel, a student of Koch’s, illustrated the new Haggadah inspired by the first Offenbach Haggadah which was printed in 1772. The...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Offenbach Haggadah was commissioned by Dr. Siegfried Guggenheim (1873-1961) an attorney and avid collector of rare books in Offenbach, near Frankfurt. The type designer Rudolf Koch created new fonts and the painter Fritz Kredel, a student of Koch’s, illustrated the new Haggadah inspired by the first Offenbach Haggadah which was printed in 1772. The new version was published in 1927 by the brothers Klingspor in a bibliophile edition of 300 copies. Guggenheim translated the Hebrew text into German, provided the transliterations of the Hebrew blessings and also inserted a novelty into the service. Instead of ending with “next year in Jerusalem, the Offenbach Haggadah concludes with the words: “next year in Worms on the Rhine, our home.”</p>
<p>Leo Baeck Institute has Siegfried Guggenheim&#8217;s archival collection, which includes extensive materials about the Offenbach Haggadah, including his correspondence with artists and designers and the original printing blocks.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><br />
</span></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Haggadot from LBI Collections</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/04/three-haggadot-from-lbi-collections/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/04/three-haggadot-from-lbi-collections/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2012 16:47:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Highlights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Digitization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[haggadah]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[offenbach]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[passover]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pesach]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[typography]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4856</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Haggadot in LBI collections attest to the rich cultural life and unique identity of German-Jews in pre-war Germany.  Many are also stunning examples of modern book design. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a style="display: none;" href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Haggadot.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4856];player=img;"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-4892" title="Haggadot" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Haggadot.jpg" alt="" width="420" height="350" /></a></p>
<h3><em>Haggadah des Kindes</em>, (Children&#8217;s Haggadah) Berlin, 1933</h3>
<p>AM Silbermann and Emil Bernhard Cohn edited this &#8220;Children&#8217;s Haggadah&#8221; in Berlin in 1933. Intended to involve children in the seder, it features &#8220;moving picture&#8221; illustrations by Erwin Singer. Children are invited to &#8220;pull slowly&#8221; on tabs connected to inserts in the illustrations, which move to reveal hidden elements of the pictures. The book also contains songs by the composer Arno Nadel (who served as Choir Director of the Jewish Community in Berlin) and other contemporary artists.</p>
<p>The entire book has been digitized and can be <a href="http://www.lbi.org/digibaeck/results/?qtype=pid&amp;term=1181342">viewed online</a>.</p>
<div id="attachment_4860" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-cover-right.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4856];player=img;"><img class="size-large wp-image-4860 " title="Haggadah Des Kindes" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-cover-right-790x1024.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="648" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Hagadah le-Yeladim or Haggadah Des Kindes, edited and translated by A.M. Silbermann and E.B. Cohn and Illustrated by Erwin Singer.</p></div>
<p>The final illustration, with the title &#8220;Next Year in Jerusalem&#8221;, is an idyllic scene of children on a farm in Palestine. Emil Bernhard Cohn whose son, Rabbi Bernhard Cohn, was for many years the Rabbi of Congregation Habonim in New York emigrated to the United States in 1939.</p>
<p>Many families still use an English adaptation of this book.  This Haggadah was donated to Leo Baeck Institute by Marianne Salinger.</p>

<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-cover-right.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Haggadah Des Kindes'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-cover-right-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Hagadah le-Yeladim or Haggadah Des Kindes, edited and translated by A.M. Silbermann and Illustrated by Erwin Singer." title="Haggadah Des Kindes" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-6-german.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Haddadah des Kindes - Page 6'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-6-german-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="&quot;Once we were slaves of the Pharoah in Egypt.&quot;" title="Haddadah des Kindes - Page 6" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-13-right.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Discovery of Moses - Page 13'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-13-right-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="A Levite woman hiding near the water." title="Discovery of Moses - Page 13" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-13-right-flap-extended.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Discovery of Moses - Page 13 with Right Flap Extended'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-13-right-flap-extended-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Pharoah&#039;s daughter discovers a child floating on an ark of rushes." title="Discovery of Moses - Page 13 with Right Flap Extended" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-15-pos5.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Slavery in Egypt - Page 15'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-15-pos5-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="The wheel in the center of the page turns to reveal slaves being whipped while performing various tasks." title="Slavery in Egypt - Page 15" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-23-rightjpg.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Crossing the Red Sea - Page 23'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-23-rightjpg-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Pharoah&#039;s soldiers enter the Red Sea in pursuit." title="Crossing the Red Sea - Page 23" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-23-right-flap-extended.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Crossing the Read Sea -  Page 23 with Right Flap Extended'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-23-right-flap-extended-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="With the flap extended, the Pharoah&#039;s soldiers are swallowed by the sea." title="Crossing the Read Sea -  Page 23 with Right Flap Extended" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-39.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4856];player=img;' title='Page 39 &quot;Next year in Jerusalem&quot;'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/haggadah-kind-39-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="&quot;Next Year in Jerusalem.&quot;" title="Page 39 &quot;Next year in Jerusalem&quot;" /></a>

<h3><em>Offenbacher Haggadah</em>, Offenbach am Main, 1927</h3>
<p>The Offenbach Haggadah was commissioned by Dr. Siegfried Guggenheim (1873-1961) an attorney and avid collector of rare books in Offenbach, near Frankfurt. The type designer Rudolf Koch created new fonts and the painter Fritz Kredel, a student of Koch’s, illustrated the new Haggadah inspired by the first Offenbach Haggadah which was printed in 1772. The new version was published in 1927 by the brothers Klingspor in a bibliophile edition of 300 copies. Guggenheim translated the Hebrew text into German, provided the transliterations of the Hebrew blessings and also inserted a novelty into the service. Instead of ending with “next year in Jerusalem, the Offenbach Haggadah concludes with the words: “next year in Worms on the Rhine, our home.”</p>
<p>The entire book has been digitized and can be <a title="Offenbacher Haggadah in DigiBaeck" href="http://www.lbi.org/digibaeck/results/?qtype=pid&amp;term=1222747">viewed online</a>.</p>
<div id="attachment_4882" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-8.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4856];player=img;"><img class="size-large wp-image-4882 " title="Offenbacher Haggadah, Page 8" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-8-e1333662273823-500x657.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="657" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Fritz Kredel&#39;s illustration of Pharoah&#39;s army in the Red Sea.  The Offenbacher Haggadah, Published by Dr. Siegfried Guggenheim, Offenbach am Main, 1927</p></div>
<p>Leo Baeck Institute has digitized <a href="http://www.lbi.org/digibaeck/results/?qtype=pid&amp;term=430964http://">Siegfried Guggenheim&#8217;s archival collection</a>, which includes extensive materials about the Offenbach Haggadah, including his correspondence with artists and designers and the original printing blocks.</p>

<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/meister-eckhart.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='Meister Eckhardt Epigraph'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/meister-eckhart-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="The epigraph in the 1927 edition is from Meister Eckhart, the 14th century Christian theologian and mystic." title="Meister Eckhardt Epigraph" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-8-e1333662273823.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='Offenbacher Haggadah, Page 8'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-8-e1333662273823-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="The Offenbacher Haggadah, Published by Dr. Siegfried Guggenheim, Offenbach am Main, 1927" title="Offenbacher Haggadah, Page 8" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-25.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='offenbach-p-25'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-25-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="offenbach-p-25" title="offenbach-p-25" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-32.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='The Plagues, Page One'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-32-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="The left page of the spread depicting the plagues." title="The Plagues, Page One" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-33.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='The Plagues, Page Two'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-33-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="The right page depicting the plagues." title="The Plagues, Page Two" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-96.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='Map'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-96-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="A map of the Sinai peninsual showing the route of the Israelites to Caanaan." title="Map" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-78-79.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='&quot;Next Year in Worms on the Rhine, Our Home&quot;'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/offenbach-p-78-79-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Translation: &quot;The Haggadah Manuscript preserved in the Germanisches Museum in Nuremberg, created in the year 5252 (or 1492 in our customary reckoning) by the German scribe Joel b.R. Simon for Nathan b.R. Salomo adds to the words “leshana haba b&#039;yerushalayim” (next year in Jerusalem) the addendum, “or in Brünn.”  The author, we assume, was probably expelled with the Jews from Brünn in 1454, and here in his old age, he gives moving expression to his longing for the home he was forced to leave in his youth.  This kind of conscious reinterpretation of the formerly intended meaning is not unusual. In the house of our parents in Worms, we traditionally called out with joyous voices “leshana haba b’ Worms am Rhein.”  “Next year in Worms, our home.”" title="&quot;Next Year in Worms on the Rhine, Our Home&quot;" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/aufbau_review.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4874];player=img;' title='A Review of the Offenbacher Haggadah'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/aufbau_review-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="This review of the Offenbacher Haggadah in the German-Jewish exile paper, Aufbau, mentions that its publisher is now in New York." title="A Review of the Offenbacher Haggadah" /></a>

<h3>Hagadah Shel Pesah, Amsterdam, 1711</h3>
<p>This Haggadah was published in Amsterdam around 1711. In addition to woodcut initials, this volume contains beautiful engravings illustrating scenes from the Haggadah.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-1.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4856];player=img;"><img class="wp-image-4906 aligncenter" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 1" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-1-500x888.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="888" /></a></p>

<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-1.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 1'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-1-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 1" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 1" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-2.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 2'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-2-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 2" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 2" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-3.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 3'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-3-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 3" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 3" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-4.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 4'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-4-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 4" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 4" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-5.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 5'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-5-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 5" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 5" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-6.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 6'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-6-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 6" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 6" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-7.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 7'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-7-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 7" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 7" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-8.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 8'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-8-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 8" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 8" /></a>
<a href='http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-9.jpg' rel='shadowbox[sbalbum-4897];player=img;' title='Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 9'><img width="150" height="150" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Seder-Haggadah-Shel-Pesach-9-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail" alt="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 9" title="Seder Haggadah Shel Pesach 9" /></a>

]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>German-Jewish Émigré Journal Aufbau Now Digitized</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/03/aufbau-digitizatio/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/03/aufbau-digitizatio/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Mar 2012 18:12:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>LBI Editor</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Highlights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LBI News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Press Releases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aufbau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Digitization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[new world club]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[periodicals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Refugee]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4657</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Leo Baeck Institute has completed digitizing all issues of the German-Jewish émigré Journal, Aufbau, published between 1951 and 2004, which means the entire contents of the most important publication of the global German-Jewish refugee and exile community is now available online.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_4395" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Aufbau-Logo.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4657];player=img;"><img class="size-medium wp-image-4395" title="Aufbau Masthead" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Aufbau-Logo-300x232.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="232" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Early Aufbau masthead (Leo Baeck Institute Library, C14)</p></div>
<p>Leo Baeck Institute has completed digitizing all issues of the German-Jewish émigré Journal, <em>Aufbau</em>, published between 1951 and 2004, which means the entire contents of the most important publication of the global German-Jewish refugee and exile community is now available online.  This digitization project at LBI complements the work of the German National library, which had already digitized the issues published between 1934 and 1950 as part of its <em>Exilpresse Digital </em>project.</p>
<p>The <em>Aufbau</em> was a journal for German-speaking Jews around the globe. It was founded in 1934 by the German-Jewish Club, which was later renamed the New World Club.  It was published in New York until April 2004.  Contributors to the <em>Aufbau</em> included many of the most prominent German literary, political, and scientific figures in exile, including Jews and non-Jews, such as Hannah Arendt, Albert Einstein, Stefan Zweig, Thomas Mann, Fritz von Unruh, Carl Zuckmayer, Franz Werfel, and Lion Feuchtwanger.   Later contributors included prominent Germans such as Ralph Giordano, Jens Reich, and Stefan Heym.</p>
<p>The original purpose of the journal was as a monthly newsletter for the German-Jewish club, which included information and helpful facts for Jewish refugees. The <em>Aufbau</em> became one of the leading anti-Nazi publications of the German press in exile. From September 1, 1944 through September 27, 1946, the <em>Aufbau</em> printed numerous lists of Jewish Holocaust survivors located in Europe, as well as a few lists of victims.</p>
<h4>Digital Access:</h4>
<p>1951-2004: The Library of the Leo Baeck Institute New York digitized these years with its digitization partner, Internet Archives. A few missing issues were contributed by the New York Public Library as well as the Mikrofilmarchiv der Deutschsprachigen Presse in Dortmund. Partial funding was provided by Metropolitan New York Library Council.</p>
<p><a title="Aufbau, 1951-2004 at Internet Archive" href="http://www.archive.org/details/aufbau">Browse all issues of the <em>Aufbau, </em>1951-2004</a></p>
<p>1934-1950: The German National Library digitized the years 1934 to 1950 as part of its <em>Exilpresse Digital</em> (Exile Newspapers Digitization) Project, these years are available here:</p>
<p><a title="Aufbau, 1934-1950 at German National Library" href="http://deposit.ddb.de/online/exil/exil.htm">Browse all issues of the Aufbau, 1934-1950</a></p>
<h4>Indexing Projects:</h4>
<p>An index to personal names that appeared in Aufbau between 1941 and 2003 is available online from the<a title="Index of Personal Names in Aufbau, 1941-2003" href="http://www.calzareth.com/aufbau/search.html"> Aufbau Indexing Project</a>:</p>
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		<title>Call for Papers: Seminar for Postdoctoral Students of German-Jewish and Central-European Jewish History</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/02/seminar-for-postdoctoral-students-of-germanjewish-centraleuropean-jewish-history/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/02/seminar-for-postdoctoral-students-of-germanjewish-centraleuropean-jewish-history/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 2012 21:47:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[LBI News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[call for papers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[funding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[graduate education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lbi jerusalem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seminar]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4349</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[LBI Jerusalem and the Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft des LBI  in Deutschland invite applications for a seminar for postdoctoral students of German-Jewish and Central-European Jewish History in Berlin and Jerusalem.  Apply by March 15. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_4350" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 261px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/temple_platz.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4349];player=img;"><img class="size-medium wp-image-4350" title="Zugang zum Templeplatz" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/temple_platz-e1329428765715-251x300.jpg" alt="" width="251" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">&quot;Zugang zum Tempelatz in Jerusalem&quot; Etching by E.M. Lilien on a Postcard</p></div>
<p><em>The Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem and the Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft des Leo Baeck Instituts Deutschland issue the following call for papers:</em></p>
<p>The seminar will offer postdoctoral students of German-Jewish and Central-European Jewish History the opportunity to present and thoroughly discuss their current research projects. More senior scholars from Germany and Israel will be invited to comment on the projects and provide the young researchers with feedback and academic guidance. Apart from the scholarly debate itself, the scholars from both countries will have the opportunity to learn more about the scholarly traditions and research contexts of their colleagues and to meet senior scholars of the respective countries. Furthermore, this seminar will include tours of museums and memorials related to the German-Jewish experience.</p>
<p>We hope that the format of the seminar, with the meetings in both Germany and Israel, will contribute to a more thorough and comprehensive scholarly exchange and debate. The initial event in Berlin will allow candidates to present their projects and will be followed by a several months-long period of continued informal discussion. During the second meeting in Jerusalem, the participants will present revised versions or new insights resulting from the feedback they received. The extended period of personal encounters, of dialogue with other researchers in the field, and of intensive exchange is meant to promote the quality and interdisciplinary character of the candidates’ scholarly output.</p>
<p>The seminar will be held in English.</p>
<p>Applications (only via email) must be submitted in English <strong>by March 15</strong> to the Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem (<a title="email LBI Jerusalem" href="mailto:leobaeck@leobaeck.org">leobaeck@leobaeck.org</a>). They should include a CV and a one page description of the current or planned postdoctoral project. One letter of recommendation from a senior scholar should be sent directly (via email) to the LBI Jerusalem. For additional information please call the Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem: (++972)(0)2-5633790.</p>
<p>Funding is available to cover most of the travel expenses and accommodation in Berlin and Jerusalem.</p>
<p>The seminar is supported by the Stiftung Deutsch-Israelisches Zukunftsforum.</p>
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		<title>LBI London Announces Two Scholarships for LBI MA in European Jewish History</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/02/lbi-london-scholarships-ma-european-jewish-history/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/02/lbi-london-scholarships-ma-european-jewish-history/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 17:00:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>LBI Editor</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[LBI News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leo Baeck Institute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Queen Mary University of London]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scholarship]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://leobaeckinstitute.wordpress.com/?p=1011</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Applications for the 2012/2013 academic year are due April 16, 2012. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_3189" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/queens_building_420_350.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-1011];player=img;"><img class="size-medium wp-image-3189" title="Queen Mary, University of London" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/queens_building_420_350-300x250.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="250" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Queen Mary, University of London</p></div>
<p>The Leo Baeck Institute in conjunction with the School of History, Queen Mary, University of London is offering two bursaries tenable for the academic year 2012-2013 for students taking the Leo Baeck Institute MA in European Jewish History. The bursary will cover the fee at the Home/EU rate (the rate for 2012/13 is £5,500). Candidates should normally have attained or expect to attain a first class degree or equivalent in history or a related humanities subject.</p>
<p><strong>The Program </strong></p>
<p>The Leo Baeck Institute MA trains scholars towards undertaking independent research on Jewish history, culture and thought in Europe. It provides a strong grounding in approaches and theories which have influenced the ways in which scholars understand Jewish history. Simultaneously, the MA introduces students to a wide range of sources available for European Jewish studies. Particular attention will be paid to the Jewish response to modernity and problems around the definition and issues of assimilation and identity. The role of anti-Semitism and the origins of the Holocaust are central, as is Jewish intellectual history, focusing on the ideas of eminent Jewish thinkers about the place of Jews and Judaism in premodern and modern society.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/LBI-MA-2012-13-announcement.pdf">LBI London 2012-2013 MA Scholarship Announcement</a></p>
<p><a title="Leo Baeck Institute London Website" href="http://www.leobaeck.co.uk/leo-baeck-ma">Learn more about the Leo Baeck Institute MA in European Jewish History at the LBI London home page</a></p>
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		<title>Moses Mendelssohn: Conversation and the Legacy of the Enlightenment</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2012/01/moses-mendelssohn-conversation-legacy-of-enlightenment/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2012/01/moses-mendelssohn-conversation-legacy-of-enlightenment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2012 17:16:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Current Exhibitions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exhibitions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emancipation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[enlightenment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haskalah]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moses Mendelssohn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[philosophy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4205</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The towering figure of the Jewish Enlightenment was a short, humpbacked son of a Torah scribe from the rural German hamlet of Dessau, who rose to become an internationally renowned Enlightenment philosopher while remaining an observant Jew who defended Judaism and advocated for Jewish civil rights.  Explore his life and work through images and links to digitized books. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The towering figure of the Jewish Enlightenment was a short, humpbacked son of a Torah scribe from the rural German hamlet of Dessau, who rose to become an internationally renowned Enlightenment philosopher while remaining an observant Jew who defended Judaism and advocated for Jewish civil rights.  Explore his life and work through images and links to digitized books.</p>
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		<title>Book Discussion: Joseph Roth, a Life in Letters</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2011/12/panel-discussion-joseph-roth-life-letters/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2011/12/panel-discussion-joseph-roth-life-letters/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Dec 2011 21:59:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Past Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[correspondence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[joseph roth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[panel discussions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[translation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4100</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<strong>Tuesday, January 10, 2012 6:30 pm </strong>A panel including translator <strong>Michael Hoffmann</strong> <strong>Robert Weil</strong>, <em>New Yorker</em> fiction editor <strong>Willing Davidson</strong>, the author and record producer <strong>Anthony Heilbut</strong>, and author <strong>Fran Lebowitz</strong> discuss one of the greatest voices in 20th century German literature.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_4103" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Joseph_roth.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4100];player=img;"><img class="size-medium wp-image-4103" title="Joseph Roth" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Joseph_roth-300x250.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="250" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Joseph Roth on a train platform in France, 1926</p></div>
<p><strong>Tuesday, January 10, 2012 6:30 pm</strong><br />
Newly recognized as one of the 20th century’s great writers, Joseph Roth wrote beautifully original prose that is still reaching ever wider audiences as new translations of his works appear, even 73 years after the author’s death.</p>
<p>In January 2012, W.W. Norton will offer a new window on Roth’s life when it publishes poet <strong>Michael Hofmann’s</strong> new translations of Roth’s letters, many of which are preserved in Roth&#8217;s literary estate in LBI archives.  <em></em></p>
<p>To mark the publication of this landmark biographical work, W.W. Norton and LBI present a panel discussion of Roth’s literary legacy moderated by W.W. Norton executive editor <strong>Robert Weil</strong> and featuring New Yorker fiction editor <strong>Willing Davidson</strong>, the author and record producer <strong>Anthony Heilbut</strong>, and author <strong>Fran Lebowitz</strong>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/culture/2012/01/book-excerpt-the-letters-of-joseph-roth.html">Read excerpts of Roth&#8217;s Letters published in the<em> New Yorker&#8217;s</em> &#8220;Culture Desk&#8221; blog.</a></p>
<div style="clear: both;">
<div id="attachment_4101" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 207px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/joseph-roth-a-life-in-letters.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4100];player=img;"><img class="size-medium wp-image-4101" title="joseph-roth-a-life-in-letters" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/joseph-roth-a-life-in-letters-197x300.jpg" alt="" width="197" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Joseph Roth: A Life in Letters (Michael Hoffman ed.) W.W. Norton, January 2012</p></div>
<p><strong>About <a title="Publisher's site for &quot;Joseph Roth: A Life in Letters&quot;" href="http://books.wwnorton.com/books/Joseph-Roth/" target="_blank"><em>Joseph Roth: A Life in Letters</em></a></strong>: &#8220;Who would have thought that seventy-three years after Joseph Roth&#8217;s lonely death in Paris, new editions of his translations would be appearing regularly? Roth, a transcendent novelist who also produced some of the most breathtakingly lyrical journalism ever written, is now being discovered by a new generation. Nine years in the making, this life through letters provides us with our most extensive portrait of Roth&#8217;s calamitous life-his father&#8217;s madness, his wife&#8217;s schizophrenia, his parade of mistresses (each more exotic than the next), and his classic westward journey from a virtual Hapsburg shtetl to Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt, and finally Paris. Containing 457 newly translated letters, along with eloquent introductions that richly frame Roth&#8217;s life, this book brilliantly evokes the crumbling specters of the Weimar Republic and 1930s France. Displaying Roth&#8217;s ceaselessly inventive powers, it finally charts his descent into despair at a time when &#8216;the word had died, [and] men bark like dogs.&#8217; &#8221; (from W.W. Norton)</p>
<p>LBI holds a wide range of <a href="http://digital.cjh.org/R/?func=collections-result&amp;collection_id=1896">digital archival materials related to Joseph Roth</a>.</p>
<h4 style="clear: both; text-align: right;">Tuesday, January 10, 2012 6:30 pm<br />
Forchheimer Auditorium<br />
Center for Jewish History<br />
15 W. 16th St.<br />
New York, NY 10011<br />
<a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=leo+baeck+institute&amp;oe=utf-8&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;fb=1&amp;gl=us&amp;hq=leo+baeck+institute&amp;hnear=0x89c24fa5d33f083b:0xc80b8f06e177fe62,New+York,+NY&amp;cid=0,0,18439420549558792647&amp;t=m&amp;z=16&amp;vpsrc=0&amp;iwloc=A">Map</a><br />
Admission: $10 for LBI Members / $15 for non-Members<br />
To reserve a seat:<br />
RSVP to (212) 744-6400<br />
or <a title="RSVP" href="mailto:mlegaspi@lbi.cjh.org">mlegaspi@lbi.cjh.org</a></h4>
</div>
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		<title>Lecture: Topography of Terror &#8211; A New Exhibit on a Historic Site</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2011/12/topography-of-terror-nachama-lecture/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2011/12/topography-of-terror-nachama-lecture/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:01:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Past Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Socialism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[topography of terror]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4115</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<strong>Friday, January 20, 2012 11:00 am </strong> The Gestapo, the SS, and the Reich Main Security office were once housed in the same building just steps away from Potsdamer Platz in the heart of Berlin.  Today a permanent exhibition documents apparatus of Nazi persecution.  Dr. Andreas Nachama, director of the “Topography of Terror” foundation, will discuss the exhibition’s new permanent home as well as an exhibition coming to the UN.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_4120" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/topography_flickr_96_dpi.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4115];player=img;"><img class="size-medium wp-image-4120" title="Topography of Terror" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/topography_flickr_96_dpi-300x200.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="200" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The new &quot;Topography of Terror&quot; Documentation Center (cc) flickr user 96dpi</p></div>
<p><strong>Friday, January 20, 2012 11:00 am </strong><br />
Between 1933 and 1945, the central institutions of Nazi persecution and terror were located on Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, just steps away from Potsdamer Platz in the heart of Berlin. In this building were housed the Secret State Police Office with its own “house prison,” the leadership of the SS and, during the Second World War, the Reich Security Main Office. Today, this house of terror is gone, but a permanent exhibition within the old foundations documents the apparatus of Nazi persecution.</p>
<p>Trapped in the shadow of the Berlin wall for decades, the site was largely ignored until the basement cells of the Gestapo house prison were finally excavated in 1987 for exhibitions marking the 750th anniversary of the city of Berlin.  After German reunification in 1989, the site became one of the most visited memorials in Berlin.  After years of debate about how to give the site and the exhibition a proper home, a design by architect Ursula Wilms (Heinle, Wischer und Partner, Berlin) and the landscape architect Heinz W. Hallmann (Aachen) was chosen in 2006 and completed in 2010.</p>
<p><strong>Dr. Andreas Nachama</strong>, director of the “Topography of Terror” foundation, will discuss the new documentation center and permanent exhibition.  <strong></strong>He will also discuss the exhibit <a href="http://www.un.org/en/holocaustremembrance/2012/calendar2012.html">“The Face of the Ghetto: Pictures by Jewish Photographers from the Lodz Ghetto 1940-1944”</a> which was curated by the &#8220;Topography of Terror Foundation&#8221; and opens at the United Nations in New York on January 24.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div style="clear: both;">
<h4 style="text-align: right;">January 20, 2012 11:00 am<br />
Kovno Room<br />
Center for Jewish History<br />
15 W. 16th St.<br />
New York, NY 10011<br />
<a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=leo+baeck+institute&amp;oe=utf-8&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;fb=1&amp;gl=us&amp;hq=leo+baeck+institute&amp;hnear=0x89c24fa5d33f083b:0xc80b8f06e177fe62,New+York,+NY&amp;cid=0,0,18439420549558792647&amp;t=m&amp;z=16&amp;vpsrc=0&amp;iwloc=A">Map</a><br />
Admission Free<br />
To reserve a seat:<br />
RSVP to (212) 744-6400<br />
or <a title="RSVP" href="mailto:mlegaspi@lbi.cjh.org">mlegaspi@lbi.cjh.org</a></h4>
</div>
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		<title>Inaugural Moses Mendelssohn Award for Critical Thinking Awarded to Henry Kissinger</title>
		<link>http://www.lbi.org/2011/12/inaugural-moses-mendelssohn-award-for-critical-thinking-awarded-henry-kissinger/</link>
		<comments>http://www.lbi.org/2011/12/inaugural-moses-mendelssohn-award-for-critical-thinking-awarded-henry-kissinger/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 22:07:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Leo Baeck Institute</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[LBI News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.lbi.org/?p=4955</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On December 12, 2011, German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle awarded the inaugural Moses Mendelssohn Award for Critical Thinking to former Secretary of State Dr. Henry A. Kissinger during the annual Leo Baeck Institute Gala Award Diner at the Waldorf≈Astoria in New York. Westerwelle lauded Kissinger as an &#8220;indispensable pillar of the transatlantic friendship.&#8221;  &#8220;Henry Kissinger...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/westerwelle-kissinger-wolfe.jpg" rel="shadowbox[sbpost-4955];player=img;"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-4958" title="westerwelle-kissinger-wolfe" src="http://www.lbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/westerwelle-kissinger-wolfe-300x193.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="193" /></a>On December 12, 2011, <strong>German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle</strong> awarded the inaugural Moses Mendelssohn Award for Critical Thinking to former Secretary of State Dr. Henry A. Kissinger during the annual Leo Baeck Institute Gala Award Diner at the Waldorf≈Astoria in New York.</p>
<p>Westerwelle <a title="Full text of Westerwelle's speech" href="http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/__pr/P__Wash/2011/12/13__Westerwelle__NY__sp.html">lauded </a>Kissinger as an &#8220;indispensable pillar of the transatlantic friendship.&#8221;  &#8220;Henry Kissinger never turned his back on Germany. From very early on, he thought that the partition of Germany was morally wrong. In 1990, he argued in favor of German unity. [...] [He] continues to do his part even though he had all the reasons to never talk to any German again,&#8221; said the Foreign Minister.</p>
<p>James Wolfensohn offered an overview of Kissinger&#8217;s career, noting his role in the opening of relations with China in the 1960&#8242;s and his continued contribution as an adviser to leaders of business and government.</p>
<p>Kissinger also addressed the transatlantic relationship in his acceptance speech: &#8220;We read that this is an Asian century, and certainly some of the center of gravity of the world has moved to the Pacific.  But it is also true that those of us who believe in a Western civilization, in the values of human dignity and of constitutional government, need to work together across the Atlantic so that we can build an even better world across the Pacific.&#8221;</p>
<p>Born in Fuerth, Germany, Dr. Kissinger came to the United States in 1938 and was naturalized a United States citizen in 1943. He served in the Army from 1943 to 1946. He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1950 and went on to receive MA. and PhD. degrees from Harvard University.</p>
<p>Dr. Kissinger was sworn in on September 22, 1973, as the 56th Secretary of State, a position he held until ]anuary 20, 1977. He also served as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from Ianuary 20, 1969, until November 3, 1975. From 1983-1985, he chaired President Reagan‘s National Bipartisan Commission on Central America. From 1984-1990 he served as a member of the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He is currently a member of the Defense Policy Board.</p>
<p>At present, Dr. Kissinger is Chairman of Kissinger Associates, lnc., an international consulting firm. He is also a member of the International Council of Morgan Chase &amp; Co.; a Counselor to and Trustee of the Center for Strategic and Intemational Studies; an Honorary Governor of the Foreign Policy Association; and an Honor Member of the Intemational Olympic Committee. Among his other activities, Dr. Kissinger is a member of the Board of Directors of ContiGroup Companies, Inc. and an Advisor to the Board of Directors of American Express Company. He is also a member of the Advisory Board of Forstmann Little and Co.; a Trustee Emeritus of the Metropolitan Museum of Art; a Director Emeritus of Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc.; and a Director of the lntemational Rescue Committee.</p>
<p>Among the awards Dr. Kissinger has received have been the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973; the Presidential Medal of Freedom (the nation’s highest civilian award) in 1977; and the Medal of Liberty (given one time to ten foreign-born American leaders) in 1986.</p>
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